Consumer Law

Deepfake and Online Defamation Law in India: Legal Remedies for Odisha Victims

Deepfake videos, morphed images, and fabricated content circulated to defame or harass someone are punishable under Indian IT Act and criminal law — and victims in Odisha have both criminal and civil remedies to get content removed and seek compensation.

By Advocate Debarchana Samal · 22 July 2026 · 8 min read

The Growing Threat of Deepfakes and Morphed Content

With AI tools now capable of generating convincing fake videos and images in minutes, deepfakes and morphed photographs have become a serious threat in Odisha too — used to defame business rivals, harass women with fabricated intimate content, damage political and professional reputations, or extort victims. Because this content can be created and shared by anyone with a smartphone, victims often feel helpless watching it spread. But Indian law has clear provisions to address this, and the earlier you act, the stronger your position — both to stop the spread and to build a solid case against the perpetrator.

Legal Provisions That Cover Deepfakes in India

Section 66E, IT Act — punishes capturing, publishing, or transmitting images of a person's private area or likeness without consent, violating privacy
Section 66D, IT Act — punishes cheating by personation using a computer resource, applicable when a deepfake impersonates someone to deceive
Sections 67 and 67A, IT Act — cover publishing or transmitting obscene or sexually explicit material electronically, relevant for deepfake pornography
Defamation provisions under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) — cover harm to reputation caused by fabricated content, whether text, image, or video
Criminal intimidation and outraging modesty provisions under BNS — applicable depending on the intent and content of the deepfake
The IT Rules 2021 (Intermediary Guidelines) — require platforms to remove flagged non-consensual or impersonating content within a mandated timeframe

Step-by-Step: What to Do the Moment You Discover It

1

Preserve evidence before anything is deleted

Take clear screenshots, screen recordings (including scroll-through of comments), and note the exact URL, username, and timestamp of every instance of the content. This evidence can vanish quickly once the perpetrator realises they are being tracked.

2

Report the content on the platform immediately

Use the platform's built-in reporting tool, selecting categories like impersonation, non-consensual imagery, or harassment. Most platforms prioritise these categories for faster review.

3

File a complaint on the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal

Report the incident at cybercrime.gov.in or call the helpline 1930. This creates an official record and triggers police-level investigation into the source of the content.

4

Register an FIR at the local police station or cyber cell

File a written complaint with the police or the nearest cyber cell in Cuttack or your district, citing the specific IT Act and BNS provisions that apply to the content.

5

File a civil defamation suit for damages and an injunction

In parallel with the criminal complaint, a civil suit can seek a permanent injunction restraining further publication and monetary damages for the harm to your reputation and mental well-being.

Why Acting Quickly Matters More Than Anything Else

Content that goes viral is exponentially harder to contain than content flagged in its first few hours. Beyond the reputational damage of wider circulation, delay also risks losing the digital trail — IP logs, device metadata, and account creation details that platforms may not retain indefinitely — which investigators need to identify the person responsible. Victims who act within the first 24 to 48 hours have a materially better chance of both stopping the spread and building a prosecutable case.

When You Need a Lawyer

While anyone can report content directly to a platform, a lawyer becomes essential when:

The platform is not responding quickly enough and the content continues to spread
You need an urgent court injunction to force takedown and prevent republication
The perpetrator's identity is unknown and you need a coordinated legal and police strategy to trace them
You want to pursue compensation through a civil defamation suit alongside the criminal case
The police are reluctant to register an FIR and you need legal intervention to ensure your complaint is properly registered
The content involves sexually explicit deepfakes, requiring careful, sensitive, and fast legal handling

Critical warning: Do not engage with, respond to, or pay the perpetrator if they are attempting extortion using the fabricated content — this often encourages further demands. Preserve every communication as evidence and report immediately to the police and cybercrime portal instead.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is creating or sharing a deepfake video of someone a criminal offence in India?

Yes. Creating or circulating a deepfake video or morphed image without consent can attract charges under Section 66E of the IT Act (violation of privacy), Section 66D (cheating by personation using computer resources), and provisions under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita covering defamation, criminal intimidation, and outraging modesty, depending on the content. If the deepfake is sexually explicit, it can also invite charges under Section 67 and 67A of the IT Act.

How quickly can I get a deepfake or morphed image taken down from social media?

Most major platforms have expedited reporting mechanisms for non-consensual intimate imagery and impersonation that can result in takedown within 24 to 72 hours of a valid report. If the platform does not act, a court order — including an urgent ex-parte injunction — can compel removal, and India's IT Rules require intermediaries to act within 36 hours of receiving a valid court or government order.

Can I sue for compensation for a deepfake or defamatory post even if the content is later removed?

Yes. Removal of the content does not erase the harm already caused to your reputation, mental well-being, or relationships. You can file a civil defamation suit seeking monetary damages for the harm suffered, in addition to pursuing the criminal complaint against the person who created or circulated the content.

What if I do not know who created the deepfake or fake account?

A cybercrime complaint filed promptly allows investigators to trace the source through IP addresses, device information, and platform records before this data is purged. This is precisely why acting fast matters — evidence that identifies the perpetrator often becomes unavailable if you delay filing a complaint.

Can a lawyer help me get content removed faster than reporting it myself?

Yes. A lawyer can send an urgent legal notice to the platform and the person responsible, file for an emergency injunction before the appropriate court, and simultaneously coordinate the criminal complaint — all of which typically move faster and carry more weight than an individual platform report alone, especially when the content is spreading rapidly.

Victim of a Deepfake or Online Defamation in Cuttack or Odisha?

Advocate Debarchana Samal helps victims act fast to get defamatory or fabricated content removed, file cybercrime complaints, and pursue civil damages across Odisha. Contact us immediately for a confidential consultation.

Disclaimer: This article is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Consult a qualified advocate for advice specific to your situation.

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